Article https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24293-3#Sec13
This is my interpretation of the article, if I messed up understanding feel free to correct me
The current study shows that mandibular shape varies to a certain extent as a function of the forces applied to it by the temporalis and masseter muscles (Fig. 5). This is anticipated based on prior studies; “…the size and shape …of the jaws should reflect muscle size and activity”13 (p. 136). The major aspects of mandibular shape that covary with muscle CSAs, independent of sex, are, with larger CSAs, a wider trapezoidal ramus, a massive coronoid, a more rectangular body and curved basal arch. In contrast, mandibles with a tall and narrow ramus (parallelogram-like), a more pointed coronoid, a more triangular body and a more triangular basal arch were associated with smaller muscle CSA (Figs 6 and 7).
Basically means that the smaller the masseters, the shorter the ramus, while the bigger the masseters were, the larger the ramus and a more longer and "rectangular" the jawline.
For example, several anthropological studies have reported an association between excessive attrition and broad mandibles41,42,43,44. It has been shown that agriculturalists (softer diet) had relatively short and broad mandibles with a tall, angled ramus and coronoid process, whereas hunter-gatherer populations (harder diet) have relatively long and narrow mandibles with a short, upright ramus and coronoid process24. These results are in agreement with our observations.
Farmers who had softer diets had more slanted, more angular ramuses, or "shorter" ramuses, while meat eaters (hunting) had more lower and longer ramuses.
Modern population studies offer similar insights. For example, individuals suffering from bruxism manifest broad mandibles45,46,47; subjects with strong bite forces tend to have a low mandibular plane angle and wide mandible, whereas those with weak bite force tend to have a high mandibular plane angle and narrow mandible1,48,49.
Bruxism patients have lots of biting force, so they have big masseters as well, longer ramuses
Also, from this study of the masseter and jaw growth https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b82c/636cf1eb600eff326f2d6c1cf3089315099a.pdf concludes:
-More masseter thickness is correlated with wider dental arch width
-more horizontal growth of the face
How does this relate to mewing?
Well, the jaw muscles also develop the cheekbones. If you look at bruxism patients, they have huge masseters and big cheekbones, and longer ramuses. Tongue posture supports the cheekbones by putting the tongue on the molars, and the molars are the support for the cheekbones. But bruxism patients have one flaw: swelling. You want no swelling but you have to have masseter muscles. This is why people with bruxism have pain, chronic swelling in the TMJ. Swelling from the masseters being too overworked and too stressed out. It is like working out your biceps for 8 hours, its not good. Mewing combined with good masseter size aids in correcting skull growth.
Mewing but no results?
See, masseters are directly correlated with ramus length and jaw length, and if you don't have that much jaw muscles, don't expect to see that much results. Many people say they have mewed long but they see no visible major changes. Well, not that mewing will make you a supermodel, lets be realistic here. Masseter muscles are the first you need to work, then you can mew. These muscles are the main support in aiding forward growth. If you mew for 3 years and see ABSOLUTELY no results there is something you are doing wrong.
How can I exercise the jaw muscles?
The jaw muscles are like any other muscle. They need a proper routine to grow. Its like going to the gym but for your face. Chewing is good for muscle development, study did here https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25369399 . To conclude from this study, people who chewed for more than one hour and less than three hours during 1-3 times in a week, had muscle hypertrophy in the jaw. A routine concluding from this would be chewing 2 hours for 3 days in a week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday). Chewing for more than 3 hours in a week from the study suggested that they had pain in the TMJ and face, so only 2 hours maximum. Keeping a moderately high protein diet and eat healthy foods can grow this muscle and other muscles.
Conclusion
Chewing for muscle hypertrophy grows the jaw muscle, with a well sized jaw muscle combined with mewing and good posture, aids in forward substantially.
This should be common knowledge for most. Mike Mew has talked a lot about this, he says the main cause of craniofacial dystrophy is the soft modern diet which leads to underdeveloped masseter muscles and recessed jaws. If one has a sufficiently tough diet like our ancestors did thousands of years ago, the face will develop properly. Therefore the correlation between biting force and proper development. This does not however mean that increasing masseter strength and size in adult age will have any sort of effect on bone structure whatsoever.
I wonder how productive it is to focus on masseters alone. On the outer side of the mandible there is the masseter, then on the inner side of the mandible there is an almost identical muscle called the medial pterygoid. Together these two groups largely create the movements of mastication. There was one study in the references of the studies that were linked in the OP that had an interesting sentence:
Putative bite force from the medial pterygoid muscle alone correlated positively with mandibular length and inversely with upper face height.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ajpa.1330800404
It seems that while masseters could determine the length of ramus, the medial pterygoids could determine facial height and mandibular length. Essentially, from the ramus emerges two separate attachments: one into the zygos (masseters) and the other into the sphenoid (pterygoids). How completely or incompletely you manage to activate these two groups during chewing probably has a huge impact on whether or not chewing will yield any results.
I wonder how productive it is to focus on masseters alone. On the outer side of the mandible there is the masseter, then on the inner side of the mandible there is an almost identical muscle called the medial pterygoid. Together these two groups largely create the movements of mastication. There was one study in the references of the studies that were linked in the OP that had an interesting sentence:
Putative bite force from the medial pterygoid muscle alone correlated positively with mandibular length and inversely with upper face height.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ajpa.1330800404
It seems that while masseters could determine the length of ramus, the medial pterygoids could determine facial height and mandibular length. Essentially, from the ramus emerges two separate attachments: one into the zygos (masseters) and the other into the sphenoid (pterygoids). How completely or incompletely you manage to activate these two groups during chewing probably has a huge impact on whether or not chewing will yield any results.
Interesting study
This makes sence because somethimes while chewing i feel somw pressure on my zygos
So the pterygoids would be responsible for this
A lot of people with long faces also have long ramus. At least that's what I have noticed
i think they usually have shorter ramus, you can see astrosky ramus lengthen as his jaw became more flat...
Just in time. I just got mastic gum.
i think they usually have shorter ramus, you can see astrosky ramus lengthen as his jaw became more flat...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24293-3#Sec13
if you scroll down in this study you can see the difference in a stronger masseter and weak masseter
you can see clearly the same what happens in the jaw of astro sky
A lot of people with long faces also have long ramus. At least that's what I have noticed
you mean more like this
30 yo, need to expand palate, move maxilla upward and forward, reduce gonial angle.
I wonder how productive it is to focus on masseters alone. On the outer side of the mandible there is the masseter, then on the inner side of the mandible there is an almost identical muscle called the medial pterygoid. Together these two groups largely create the movements of mastication. There was one study in the references of the studies that were linked in the OP that had an interesting sentence:
Putative bite force from the medial pterygoid muscle alone correlated positively with mandibular length and inversely with upper face height.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ajpa.1330800404
It seems that while masseters could determine the length of ramus, the medial pterygoids could determine facial height and mandibular length. Essentially, from the ramus emerges two separate attachments: one into the zygos (masseters) and the other into the sphenoid (pterygoids). How completely or incompletely you manage to activate these two groups during chewing probably has a huge impact on whether or not chewing will yield any results.
OK, I deleted my message momentarily because I wasn't sure if it made sense. It does seem like chewing with a chin strap like this would train the medial pterygoids more because it restricts lateral movement. It's heavier on the lateral pterygoids though. I wonder if something like this could be used to fine-tune results.
I wonder how productive it is to focus on masseters alone. On the outer side of the mandible there is the masseter, then on the inner side of the mandible there is an almost identical muscle called the medial pterygoid. Together these two groups largely create the movements of mastication. There was one study in the references of the studies that were linked in the OP that had an interesting sentence:
Putative bite force from the medial pterygoid muscle alone correlated positively with mandibular length and inversely with upper face height.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ajpa.1330800404
It seems that while masseters could determine the length of ramus, the medial pterygoids could determine facial height and mandibular length. Essentially, from the ramus emerges two separate attachments: one into the zygos (masseters) and the other into the sphenoid (pterygoids). How completely or incompletely you manage to activate these two groups during chewing probably has a huge impact on whether or not chewing will yield any results.
OK, I deleted my message momentarily because I wasn't sure if it made sense. It does seem like chewing with a chin strap like this would train the medial pterygoids more because it restricts lateral movement. It's heavier on the lateral pterygoids though. I wonder if something like this could be used to fine-tune results.
don't think so this will only be negative when you don't use that headgear to keep your head up
it weakens the muscles under the jaw who probably are already weak so don't think so maybe it's good to stop snoring at night
Thoughts on that?
not sure look at this
the first pic was when he was +18 if you look at his jaw you can see a significant different
@mr-mewing I'm 14 and I want to get a longer ramus and a better superorbital ridge and more prominent cheekbones but no overly prominent like alain delon. what can I do.
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@pame how can I get hunter eyes and more hooding and more angular eyes. I also want prominent cheekbones.
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