In this study by EL Dellinger from 1973(https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(73)90163- 2"> http://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(73)90163-2 ), he describes how he applied 6 pounds of force(2.7 kg) to the maxillas of 2 monkeys(corresponding to human children ages 12-14) and to two children ages 8 and 11. After 7 days, the monkeys had 2.0 and 2.8mm of forward displacement of the A point of the maxilla, and the 8 year old girl 2.3mm and the 11 year old boy 2.0mm.
He states that while these results are promising, it's such a small sample size that we cannot draw conclusions. He said that further research would be needed to determine better force application. But, it looks like orthodontists have decided on applying much smaller forces in maxillary protraction, between 500g-1kg on average. Why? What disadvantages are there to applying these large forces, when they got such good results so quickly in younger children? Are there any other examples of larger forces(in the range of 2-3 kg) being applied?
Im no expert at all but 2-3kg of force being applied on a tooth borne appliance will probably not be healthy at all.
Maybe bone anchored protraction would be safer and more predicteable but thn again i doubt any doctor will risk fracturing someones face without alot of animal testing.
Surgery is safer and has a predicteable outcome. Which is what doctors need to keep practicing.
As for protraction in kids there is no need for larger forces.. they respond very well to 500g - 1kg and the orthodontist can control the outcome comfortably without risking fking up their face.
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