I am sure that the majority of users on this site are adult-aged, which might be disheartening since Michael Mew and others have stated a mixture of opinions regarding major changes in facial remodeling, with John stating that growth is largely cemented by about the age of twelve, and and Michael stating that though most growth happens early in puberty, reasonable changes can still be observed past the age of 18, up until the age of about 25. The following studies on craniofacial development mention similar observations:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2309666

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002941672901418

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/301501/

http://www.med-college.biz/en/wiki/artikel.php?id=1745&lan=1#4

"Girls' skull growth is complete approx. at the age of 18 while in boys this is rather the case at the age of 21, with the relation of the neurocranium to the facial skull being 2.5 : 1)."

"Graber: bone growth takes longest in the area of the chin (up until the age of 16 in girls and 23 in boys/men)."

Those were studies mostly focusing on mandibular forward growth, noting that even though facial development slows late into puberty, it most certainly is occurring. Besides the maintenance of proper posture, what exactly are the factors affecting forward facial growth, and the reversal of downward growth? I am nineteen years of age, and I am completely invested in "Mewing", and am sure there are others among you on these forums who are very similar to me. For those of us in late stages of puberty, we still have hope to make reasonable, or perhaps drastic changes for some, but maximizing hormonal activity to allow for any forward growth whatsoever is one very commonly overlooked effort.

As far as I am aware, the major factor facilitating any forward craniofacial development is Growth Hormone (GH). The prevalence of GH is decreased in late-pubertal age but is still elevated compared to post-pubertal age, this is why jaw growth can be observed in the middle-twenties, yet at a rate perhaps half as fast as in the middle to late-teens. To those who believe facial development in terms of growth is over for the adult, I would say you are fairly incorrect. Of course everybody's case is different, and some of us are indeed older, but if this hypothetical environment of hormones were to be established through supplementation, dietary and lifestyle changes, I believe that major changes can be made during the period of late puberty. One user here describes some serious efforts, and serious changes:

/community/community/case-discussions/18m-deathmewing-6000-cals-day-raw-milk-raw-meat-raw-egg-diet-day-2-report-2/

An example of serious lifestyle changes. Besides posture alone, one should pursue improvements by many other means. Doing high-intensity exercise, vitamin hyper-dosing, MK-677 supplementation, intermittent fasting, etc. This list could go on much longer, but these are practices noted by other users here. These things cause an increase in growth hormone and could perhaps facilitate late-pubertal craniofacial growth, no? It is well documented that consistently high GH levels can cause bone remodeling in adults, particularly in the case of acromegaly, in which the person will usually display a combination of excessive growth symptoms in the manifestation of enlarged feet, hands, and facial structure. Observe the following features of a man with acromegalic symptoms:

This article details the typical growth patterns of the face, with this man's mandible growing in his thirties:

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2663786/My-jaw-wont-stop-growing-Student-36-condition-means-bones-head-getting-bigger.html

Though acromegaly is an extreme example of growth capability in adults (as it is not exactly the sort of growth one would aim for, and is almost exclusively the result of pituitary adenomas), it is proof nonetheless that elevated GH can cause growth, perhaps healthy growth of the jaw one would hope for, especially important for those between 18-25 years of age.

I recall (though I recently cannot find it) what I remember as a repost on the orthotropics reddit page of a man who compared himself in photos taken in the senior year of high school, and the senior year of college. He had literally grown a chin. His largely flat facial profile grew outwards in a healthy manner from what I can remember. If anybody can somehow find that post, please do post the link here, because I am sure that there are some who would appreciate the photos to see that you can indeed experience major change in these last few years of growth. But the question is; How do we in late puberty make idealize cranial growth conditions to increase mandibular length, upswing the maxilla, lower the gonial angle, lenghten the ramus, etc.?

I would like invite anybody to discuss optimization of hormones to facilitate forward facial growth when paired with correct oral posture. If anybody has any studies regarding hormonal effects on craniofacial development, any personal stories and advice, any interesting cases you know of, please do post them in this thread.

Thank you.